Avoiding age discrimination on the job

Evading age segregation at work Actually, we’re once in a while decided by things that are outside our ability to control this is valid in all features of life, including the universe of work. One of the greatest working environment inversions in ongoing decades is the view old enough. At once, age was taken a gander at as an important ware among representatives a sign of understanding, shrewdness, and skill. While this is still obvious in certain ventures and organizations, in numerous others age has become an apparent shortcoming of sorts-a sign of diminishing importance, vitality, and comprehension of how the advanced world (counting current business needs and customer requests) works. In years past, organizations wanted to have more seasoned, experienced representatives in places of intensity and dynamic; presently, they’re progressively permitting new youthful personalities and points of view at their steerages to guide them towards achievement in our quickly advancing, techno-driven world.So, wh ere does this leave maturing and more established workers? In all actuality, the general viewpoint isn’t high contrast numerous more established workers will make sense of how to maintain a strategic distance from age separation and discover proficient achievement, while others will battle and face an assortment of difficulties en route. Stepping stools talked about the issue old enough separation in an ongoing article that remembered some supportive guidance for how to confront this dubious topic.Which side of the fence will you be on? While it might be difficult to totally control how the expert world sees you as you get more seasoned, there are things you can never really stay away from age separation whether you’ve been at work for quite a long time or are work chasing for your next position. Utilize the accompanying procedures to keep away from age segregation in your expert life.Stay relevant.The universe of work is rapidly developing, and those of us who work to remain important are significantly more liable to have a spot in it-the individuals who decided to interminably wail over these progressions and stay stuck in the past will have an a lot harder street in front of them.Regardless of your age, battle to remain applicable ace the current innovation utilized by your office and industry (take classes if need be), get adaptable and alright with another nimble and lean work environment condition (this may mean working remotely at a work share office as opposed to having your own office), and even follow current styles of expert conduct and dress so you fit in (get easygoing and discard the tie or jacket if you’re the just one wearing them). Main concern on the off chance that you need to appear to be important, ensure that you don’t stand apart for an inappropriate reasons and show that you’re more than prepared for whatever changes are on the horizon.Embrace change.Simply put, everything is changing-the old standards and methods of doing things are being hurled out the window and supplanted by new methodologies and advancements. By keeping steady over these progressions as well as grasping them, you’ll persistently reassert your expert importance and worth and increment your odds of being seen as a benefit, not an obsolete fossil holding back to be put out to pasture.Demonstrate that you’re not just the sort of worker who can deal with change, however can alsoâ thrive when change occurs, and can even lead the charge forward. For instance, consider ways your organization can exploit current and rising advancement and show the people pulling the strings that you can help steer your organization to future achievement. It’ll be difficult to deny your incentive as a worker if you’re continually offering strong new thoughts for how your organization can confront the future.When all else fizzles attest your rights.If you’re doing everything you can to stay a current and important piece of the cutting edge work environment however are as yet confronting apparently inconceivable obstacles, in all actuality age separation is unlawful. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) secures laborers beyond 40 years old from separation based on age. On the off chance that you feel that you’re being unjustifiably oppressed based on age, know your privileges and choices and don’t be hesitant to take action.The base lineWhile getting more seasoned presents new difficulties for exploring the work world, you don’t need to let your age completely characterize you as a worker or occupation applicant, and you shouldn’t permit yourself to be a survivor old enough segregation. Utilize the procedures and counsel introduced here to stay away from age segregation and stay an important expert product. When the flood of progress hits your industry or organization (and there’s a decent possibility it as of now has), will you do o r die? Assume responsibility for your expert future.

A Brief Note On Occupational Fraud And Financial Fraud

What propels somebody to submit fiscal summary misrepresentation? Out in the open organizations, there is a trustee commitment of the executives to the investors to give valid and right data through fiscal summaries. Simultaneously, the executives is answerable for the exhibition of the open organization it oversees. On the off chance that an investor isn't happy with the exhibition of an organization, the investor can attempt to sell the offers in the open market. Accordingly, so as to keep the capital gave by the investors†¦ I am contacting you today to talk about the chance of extortion inside the Apollo Shoes fiscal summaries. In the wake of perusing some organization records in readiness of this Audit I have seen numerous warnings that despite the fact that in themselves don't comprise extortion by and large, they do request that we examine this issues further to guarantee misrepresentation isn't occurring. Through my underlying exploration I accept the chance of extortion at Apollo Shoes to be extremely high, and as such we should take precautionary†¦ How Financial Fraud can be recognized Extortion is an expensive wrongdoing in the business partnership paying little heed to their industry segment or size. ASA 240.11 (ISA 240.11) outlined extortion is a purposeful demonstration of distortion by the executives, workers, or outsiders, embroiling the utilization of misdirection so as to get to an unlawful or out of line advantage (Gay and Simnett 2015, p. 258). Examiners as a rule concern two primary kinds of material errors that are brought about by extortion in the budgetary report (Gay and Simnett†¦ The impact of word related misrepresentation and maltreatment on the organization Word related misrepresentation and misuse is characterized as â€Å"The utilization of one’s occupation for individual enhancement through the intentional abuse or misapplication of the utilizing organization’s assets or assets† (2012 Report To Nations On Occupation Fraud And Abuse, 2012). Word related extortion involves deluding utilizing association to get assets or resources for individual increase and misuse includes misapplication of the assets gave by the employer†¦ Fiscal report Fraud Organization fiscal reports gives data that is used by speculators to assess the direct of supervisors and to form financial game plans (Chinniah, 2015, p. 1). The purchasers of the fiscal report may consider the budgetary data got as trustworthy and fitting for its capacity (p. 1). Chinniah shows bookkeeping guidelines and guidelines have been set up to attempt to confirm the monetary data gave is reliable with†¦ Budget summary Fraud The evaluator will concentrate on the red cautions that have been refered to call attention to the likelihood that there is an instance of extortion in the association. The inspector will, through the reminder, make it understood to the representatives that signs of extortion and the means that will be taken corresponding to refering to the trick in the cases it happened. The warnings will be obviously refered to in the notice. Through the warnings, the representatives will understand the deficiencies related with the†¦ Presentation: A review is a procedure of looking at the budget summaries for precision and liberated from extortion. As per the course book, Intermediate Accounting by Spiceland section one, it said â€Å"Audits add validity to the budget reports, expanding the certainty of the individuals who depend on the information† (page. 16, 2016). After the cheats outrage of WorldCom and different organizations, the speculators lost their trust in the bookkeeping division (page.16, 2016). To build the investors’ confidence†¦ Fiscal summary Fraud Investigation Frisbey (2015) showed that measurable bookkeepers ought to have the option to viably speak with the administration and included work force regarding the elements of the presence of misrepresentation markers, to have the option to perform fundamental examination and autonomous testing, for example, flat and vertical testing strategies to distinguish extortion or to look at the legitimacy of proof being researched (p.8-9). Frisbey referenced that legal bookkeepers should, for instance, request†¦ Assess any harming money related and moral repercussions of inability to incorporate the stock compose downs in the fiscal summaries. Set up a suggestion to the CFO, assessing the negative effect of a common extortion punishment on the enterprise because of the IRS review. In the proposal, incorporate fundamental inward control methodology to keep false monetary revealing from happening, just as the significant commitment of the CEO and CFO to guarantee consistence. Stock compose downs are†¦ Visa Fraud is evaluated to cost $1.6 Billion Annually every year as indicated by Government reports by Attorney General’s over the US. With 36 Billion exchanges are finished every year 1 out of 1100 exchanges are false. It is either on the grounds that the card is truly lost or taken off the people or the data from the card itself has been undermined. The programmer or Thief at that point utilizes the card on line to buy things or gift vouchers or they use them face to face at booths, gas stations†¦

The Psychology of Color 6 Logo Color Secrets You Should Know

The Psychology of Color 6 Logo Color Secrets You Should Know If you are at the beginning stages of developing your brand and business, particularly your logo and website, this article is for you.In fact, it could be one of the most useful articles you read as you navigate the tricky waters of logo design, brand image and building a business from scratch or re-branding your already-established business to increase its earning potential.And it all starts with Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst whose work has been influential in the fields of psychiatry, anthropology, archaeology, literature, philosophy, and even religious studies. In particular, Jung was fascinated with the properties of colors, how they affect the human psyche, and how they can be used in art for psychotherapy.Fast-forward almost a century later, and modern marketing researchers are finding that color indeed affects the human psycheâ€"most especially, human purchasing and consumption habits. To give you an example, Satyendra Singh, a researcher from the Universit y of Winnipeg, in Winnipeg, Canada, found that color contributes significantly to human decision making, with about 62 to 90 percent of choice in products and services based on colors alone. And it doesnt take a mathematical analyst to understand that 62 to 90 percent is a big influence. Not surprisingly, within that same study, she found that color influences moods and feelingsâ€"both positively and negativelyâ€"toward certain products or services that are offered.Another study published in the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science by Lauren Labrecque and George Milne organized research relating to color and the human response for a first impression in five categories: sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication, and ruggedness. The results of that study found that certain colors and saturation levels of those colors do influence perception of a brand or logo, and should be a major consideration in any business design and branding goals.Most graphic designers will tell you that while its not an exact science, the color of a logo or website does influence the way we feel about a brand, service or product. For that reason alone, color choice should be an important factor in your brand and business identity. Hopefully, the following secrets will be just the ticket to finding the perfect colors for a great first impression of your brand or website design.#1. White, and yellow, and pink hues make your brand seem more sincereWhite, yellow and pink seem sincere.In their review of the literature surrounding color psychology and how color influences peoples impressions, Labrecque and Milne cited several studies showing that white is associated with sincerity, purity, cleanness, happiness, simplicity, hygiene, clarity, and peace. They also mentioned studies showing how yellow gives the impression of optimism, extroversion, happiness and friendliness. Finally, pink comes across as sincere, nurturing, warm and soft.Some examples of brands that use these hues successfully in their design and logos are crowdfunding sites like Gofundme.com and Indiegogo.com. Since visitors to these sites contribute money to various crowdfunding campaigns, the impression of sincerity and extroversion is important.#2. Red and orange hues make your brand seem more excitingRed and orange are excitingIts no accident that brands like Coca-Cola have used red as their identifying color. In multiple studies cited by Labrecque and Milne, the color red has been linked to arousal, excitement and stimulation. Some studies have even shown how colors with longer wavelengths (for example, red, orange and yellow) create a state of arousal and activity when viewed by increasing the viewers heart rate.#3. Blue hues make your brand seem more competentBlue hues make your brand seem more competentLabrecque and Milne note several studies showing that blue is linked to feelings of competence and is associated with intelligence, communication, trust, efficiency, duty, and logic. I t is also seen as a secure color, which is why a lot of airlines choose blue as the main color in their logo to create an impression of safety and competenceOther brands like GE, IBM, Att, American Express and LinkedIn have also successfully used blue in their logos to give off an impression of intelligence and trustworthiness.#4. Black, purple, and pink hues make your brand seem more sophisticatedBlack, purple and pink are sophisticatedIf glamor and sophistication are part of the image youre going for, black, purple or highly saturated pink are the best colors according to Labrecque and Milne. Purple has long been associated with royalty in multiple cultures, while black remains a common color for tuxedos and formal attire.Brands like Cadbury and Hallmark use purple to denote indulgence and sentimentality, while Victorias Secret uses pink and black for the same luxurious impression.#5. Brown hues make your brand seem more ruggedBrown seems ruggedCiting several studies, the authors note that brown gives the impression of ruggedness and is associated with seriousness, nature, earthiness, reliability, support, and protection. UPS and Cotton are two brands that have successfully used brown in their logo to highlight these facets of their business and attract customers through the impression of reliability and rugged strength.#6. Saturated colors express more dominance and excitementSaturated colors are excitingSaturation is the amount of pigment that is in a color. A color that is only slightly saturated will have a washed-out, gray appearance while a color that is highly saturated will appear brighter and more intense.In their study, authors Labrecque and Milne found that increased saturation evoked an impression of dominance and excitement, while decreased saturation had a calmer, gentler feel. So not only does the color affect the viewers first impression of your brand or website, so does the saturation of that color.Similarities in industriesIf you take a mom ent to look on the websites of certain professions, youll find that many use similar colors and combinations of colors, as well as saturation levels to evoke particular images and impressions. For example, youll find a lot of health-related businesses that use white and lightly saturated blue as the primary colors of their brand design and logo, while attorneys generally go for darker, more serious color combinations that include darker saturation of blues and grays. Environmentally focused businesses and wellness-related brands use a lot of green and brown, while brands focused on children or childrens needs will use more upbeat, energetic colors like yellow and red. Once you start paying attention to how these colors are used in design to elicit a certain impression, youll never think about color the same way!

Dai Japanese word of the day - dai

Word of the Day: dai Pronunciation: Click here to listen to the audio file. Meaning: a title; a heading; a theme; a subject; a topic Japanese characters: é ¡Å' (㠁  Ã£ â€ž) Example: Haha to iu dai de sakubun o kaite kudasai.†Ã¦ ¯ Ã¢â‚¬ Ã£  ¨Ã£ â€žÃ£ â€ Ã© ¡Å'㠁 §Ã¤ ½Å"æâ€"‡ã‚’æ› ¸Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã£  Ã£   Ã£ â€¢Ã£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š Translation: Please write a composition on the theme, Mother. More Words of the Day: Previous wordNext word

The Odyssey Of A Blind Minstrel - 978 Words

Words empty as the wind are best left unsaid, a quote from Homer, ancient Greece s first and greatest poets. In this paper there are, highly believed assumptions about his life before writing and brief summaries explaining two of his greatest poems, The Iliad and Odyssey. Greeks have used writing ever since 1400 BC, but it was wasn’t until 8th century BC that their work was written down. Written work of the Greeks began with the magnificent epics of Homer, The Iliad and the Odyssey. Homer was born in the Ionian region of Asia Minor, at Smyrna, also called the Island of Chios around 12th and 8th centuries BC. Legend has it that his original given name is Melesigenes and also that Homer was blind and told his stories verbally. This evidence is based on the description in the Odyssey of a blind minstrel who sings a poem about the fall of Troy. His mother and father were Epikaste and Telemachus. Before he started writing he made his living as a wandering minstrel that traveled around the town of Chalkis, Greece to singing and telling stories at funeral games. One of his greatest achievements is the Iliad. Written during the mid-8th century B.C.E, it is considered one of the earliest works of western literature. The story begins with the ten year blockade of the city Troy by a union of Greek states. The cause of the whole fiasco begins with the prince of Troy, Paris. Who is asked to decide who among the three goddesses is the most divine. Of course he chooses Aphrodite, theShow MoreRelatedComparing The Odyssey And O Brother Where Art Thou1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe â€Å"Odyssey†, one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer, and â€Å"O Brother Where Art Thou†, a 2000 a film written, produced, and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. At first thought you would not think the movie â€Å"O Brother Where Art Thou† and â€Å"The Odyssey† have anything in common. It is however, the modern film depiction of the troubles of a man during the depression and is molded by the ancient struggles of Odysseus in Homer’s Odyssey. â€Å"The Odyssey† is about a Greek warrior and isRead MoreThe Act of Storytelling in The Odyssey Essay examples1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe Act of Storytelling in The Odyssey In The Odyssey, the act of storytelling plays a significant role in revealing the story of Odysseus. Each storyteller reveals a part of the past of Odysseus and his heroic deeds. Each of their stories gives insight into what a hero should be, according to the standards of the Greek society, and they each reflect a different aspect of a hero. When pieced together, each story becomes part of a whole, however, each has a different function within the epicRead MoreEssay about Homers The Odyssey1646 Words   |  7 PagesHomers The Odyssey The Odyssey is a companion to The Iliad, a story of the Trojan War. Both The Iliad and The Odyssey are epic poems written by Homer. In The Odyssey, Homer relates the misadventures of Odysseus, king of Ithaca, that occur during the decade following the defeat of Troy. In doing so, the fates of his fellow warriors are also made known. The Odyssey begins on Mount Olympus, in the palace of Zeus, king of the gods, where a discussion takes place regarding the woes of humans andRead MoreEssay about The Odyssey, by Homer1283 Words   |  6 Pages The monsters of Homer’s The Odyssey as written by Robert Fitzgerald all share traits in common, but there is always the small differences which make each close encounter more gripping than the last. When the not-so-glorious Odysseus, son of Laertes just manages to elude the cannibalistic clutches of the blinded Kyklops (IX) and takes to the high seas, he becomes arrogant and taunts his nemesis. He does not realize this, but the very words he uttered then sets the holy executioner upon the necksRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 1490 Words   |  6 Pages In Homer s The Odyssey, a growing adolescent, Telà ©makhos, resolves to search for his war-lost father after realizing that his home is teeming with rude, power-hungry suitors that wish to marry his mother, Penelope. With inspiration from Athena, Telà ©makhos travels to former comrades of his father, Odysseus, in a journey that is eerily similar to that of his father. Telà ©makhos and Odysseus s journeys to bring t he latter home are distinguishable in very few ways, most notably in how they are guidedRead MoreHistorical And Cultural Context Of The Movie The Odyssey 2026 Words   |  9 Pagesthe first â€Å"western-style† action story was written by an eighth-century B.C. poet named Homer. It was titled the Iliad and it told of many great stories involving Greek gods and horrid monsters. The second of these epic poems was named The Odyssey. The Odyssey had to have been an intensely popular story to have survived for centuries and recognized as a milestone in western literature. The reasons for its popularity and longevity are the same reasons action style movies are popular today. HistoricalRead MoreThe Odyssey Major Work Data Sheet4410 Words   |  18 Pagesprobably lived in the late eighth and early seventh centuries. He was blind and he also composed Iliad. | Historical information on the period of publication: The time was very influential to the story. During this time, all stories were passed on by word of mouth. People who were gifted with a silver tongue were held in high regard at that time. Songs were told almost as though they were singing them. Some people of high power would blind people that had a knack for telling so that the story teller wouldRead MoreComparison Between Odysseus And Odysseus2641 Words   |  11 PagesWisdom), Hermes (Messenger God), Calypso (Immortal Nymph), Poseidon (Sea God), Ino (Goddess of sailors) Mortals: Odysseus (Main protagonist), Nausicaa (Phaeacian princess), Arete (Queen of the Phaeacians), Alcinous (King of the Phaeacians), Demodocus (blind bard), Broadsea (athlede) Plot: Book 5 The gods send Hermes to tell Calypso to release Odysseus. Calypso gives a speech on the double standards that the gods have. A man can take up a lover, but a woman cannot. She tries to convince Odysseus to stayRead MoreEssay on The Odyssey21353 Words   |  86 PagesThe Odyssey Set in ancient Greece, The Odyssey is about the hero Odysseus long-awaited return from the Trojan War to his homeland, Ithaca, after ten years of wandering. The current action of The Odyssey occupies the last six weeks of the ten years, and the narrative includes many places - Olympus, Ithaca, Pylos, Pherae, Sparta, Ogygia, and Scheria. In Books 9-12, Odysseus narrates the story of his travels in the years after the fall of Troy, and this narrative includes other far-flung

British Criminology Free Essays

string(35) " law or criminological precedents\." Knowledge is very important to a concept like criminology that is both empirically and theoretically based. However, it cannot be avoided that in certain aspect criminology may lack specific necessities especially in some countries where the criminal justice system is rather not yet fully developed. The development of the aspect of criminology is very important in addressing criminality and crimes. We will write a custom essay sample on British Criminology or any similar topic only for you Order Now The effectiveness of the justice system, particularly of the criminal justice system is greatly dependent on the comprehensiveness and stability of criminology. In Britain, knowledge is equally acknowledged as an important aspect of criminology. Thus, knowledge has been constructed in the British criminology since the year 1960 (Soothill Peelo, 2007). Criminologists recognized the importance of research Exercises and citations in their jobs in order to establish authority and legal basis (Soothill Peelo, 2007). Criminology According to the British Society of Criminology (2005), criminology is both a theoretical and an empirical discipline that draws on the range of human and social science disciplines. The British Society of Criminology (2005) likewise added that at the heart of criminology â€Å"are theoretical debates about a wide range of perspectives†. According to them, criminology should emphasize the relevance of a firm and strong knowledge base to serve as evidence and basis for its theories and for the evaluation of the crime control policies (British Society of criminology, 2005). Strong knowledge base on this aspect is very important because it ensures that there are reasonably reliable pieces of evidence that has been consulted during the judicial enquiry. However, it is believed that in pursuing these values, it is necessary that a lively debate should be nurtured that employs both qualitative and quantitative data in a dialogue between a range of methodological and theoretical perspectives (British Society of Criminology, 2005). Criminology should ensure that a premature foreclosure of this dialogue be not resorted to favoring certain sub-discipline fields, either endorsed by state officials, the mass media, or by fashions of academic thought (British Society of Criminology, 2005). Criminology is also empirically concerned with the â€Å"processes of criminalization and victimization; and the causes and organization of crime and deviance† (British Society of Criminology, 2005). In criminology, it is important that criminologists have the necessary knowledge in relation to criminality so that they can identify crimes, treats the same and provide for punishments. This is very important because if criminologists do not have the proper knowledge, they may not readily recognize a crime once they encounter the same, hence failure to address it. Criminology is also concerned with the â€Å"process of managing crime, deviance, and victimization, including policing, criminal justice and penalty, community safety and less formal means of addressing criminality (British Society of Criminology, 2005). For criminologists, in order for them to effectively handle and address criminality and decrease crime rates, they should be able to crimes under the authority of police power and the corresponding function of a judicial authority. For example, as criminology includes policing, it is important that the criminologists know the rules and laws governing the proper execution of the power of a police officer. He should make sure that rights are not violated in the process. As a social discipline, criminology is constantly changing with its subject fast-moving both in theory and methodological development. The changes correspond with the equally fast changes in the social environment. Moreover, the change is due to the system’s intention to capture the changes and interaction of ideas into a more complex methodological dialogue about its relevance to the social life. In its modern form, criminology is characterized by issues on how to: †¢ â€Å"Operationalize its theories in conducting research† (British Society of Criminology, 2005) – the changes may be necessary so that new ideas and criminological concepts may be formulated through research. The debates are important because they determine the endless possibilities in relation to the application of criminology in social life. Criminology is concerned on how research and knowledge can be used n order to make effective criminology itself. For example, criminology is important in order to conduct and study specific occurrences in relation to criminality and deviance; †¢ â€Å"Explain its subject matter† (British Society of Criminology, 2005) – Knowledge in relation to criminology is likewise important in order to understand its nature and applicability. Criminology endeavors to make its own extent comprehensive and understandable by the public so that they can be consulted in cases of incidents its application may be necessary; †¢ â€Å"inform the debates over crime control policy; the links between criminal and social justice, and the expanding knowledge bases of the crime and justice related professions† (British Society of Criminology, 2005) – Modern criminology is a way to provide the public with knowledge base on how social justice may be promoted and how rights may be protected even in cases of criminal infringements. It should be noted however that under criminology, by concept of social justice in relation to crimes should mean that criminology should comprehend all aspects of social justice even as it involves the criminal. Criminology, as a knowledge base is used by legal and justice related professionals in the pursuance of social justice and the treatment of crimes. According to the British Society of Criminology (2005), as a changing academic discipline, its knowledge base should necessarily change to address the corresponding changes in its environment. â€Å"As such, the importance attached to different classical and contemporary theories will continually change† (British Society of Criminology, 2005). The changes in the â€Å"classical and contemporary theories also requires changes in theories and application in the various areas of criminological enquiry (British Society of Criminology, 2005). Moreover, â€Å"such new areas may also be generated by changing political and social concerns, or by changes within another discipline, such as philosophy† (British Society of Criminology, 2005). For example, the constant change in criminology may be brought about by technological advancements. As new technologies and device are created, corresponding laws relating to specific acts may be enacted in order to identify criminality of specific acts in relation to these advancements, which in the past may not be covered by law or criminological precedents. You read "British Criminology" in category "Papers" Specifically, as has been experienced, many scrupulous machinations have been resorted to by some criminals in order to avoid prosecution because certain acts may not be covered by a law that penalizes crimes. In the case of crimes related to the Internet, many have escaped prosecution because past laws do not cover acts committed through and via the Internet. â€Å"Criminology, like all social sciences, is both theoretically and evidence based that requires the comprehension of specific issues† (British Society of Criminology, 2005). The importance of knowledge base in criminology has prompted the British Society of Criminology (2006) to create the Code of Ethics for researchers in the Field of Criminology. This is because of the fact that it is the researchers who gather and make use of the knowledge as a product of their research and used in the judicial inquiry. Among others, the Code serves as guidance to researchers in the field of criminology to aid them â€Å"in keeping with the aims of the society to value and promote the highest ethical standards in criminological research† (British Society of Criminology, 2006). According to this Code, and as a guiding principle of the British Society of Criminology, â€Å"researchers should ensure that research is undertaken to the highest methodological standard and the highest quality in order that maximum possible knowledge and benefits accrue to the society† (British Society of Criminology, 2006). The Code ensures that researchers only gather the most credible and highest standard of knowledge in order to establish a sound criminal justice system. The aspect of criminology should be ensured to be given that taint of authority and credibility so that the people can develop trust and confidence to its concept. Specifically, according to the British Society of Criminology (2006), the researcher has the following responsibilities: General Responsibilities The researcher should endeavor to: 1. â€Å"Advance knowledge about criminological issues† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – as criminal researchers, it is their responsibility to ensure that they accumulate a sustained knowledge base with comprehensive application to cover the various criminological issues and its relationship to each other. For example, researchers, in tackling a criminal issue should consider it in relation to specific laws and its relationship to any other issues and laws that may somehow be directly or indirectly affect its applicability and outcomes. This can be explained in the various aspects of criminology as in the case of policing as it relates to the crime busting and crime punishment. In policing, researchers should not only provide knowledge that pertain to policing but on how to execute this authority in connection with the rights of the people and the rights of the public being protected. 2. â€Å"Identify and seek to ameliorate factors which restricts the development of their professional competence and integrity† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – As researchers undergo research, criminological knowledge should also be accumulated that provides guidance on how restrictions may be avoided and the full application of this knowledge can be attained. Researchers should also identify how they can improve their competence and the reliability and credibility of criminology by giving knowledge and criminology with known integrity; 3. â€Å"Seek appropriate experience or training to improve their professional competence, and identify and deal with any factors which threaten to restrict their professional integrity† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – In criminology, criminologists and researchers should endeavor to improve competence by undergoing trainings and continuous improvement and enhancement of knowledge and qualities that can help improve criminology through improved knowledge base derived from meaningful research; 4. â€Å"Refrain from laying claim, directly or indirectly, to expertise in areas of criminology which they do not have† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – as researchers tasks with the gathering of criminological knowledge, they should avoid assumptions and the incorporation of personal views and opinions that are not validated and unsupported by actual facts and information. For example, in the judicial inquiry, it is important that the research provide information so that the proper authorities can come up with a decision regarding a controversy through validated precedents and established facts; 5. â€Å"Take all reasonable steps to ensure that their qualifications, capabilities or views are not misrepresented by others† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – sometimes the quality of the criminological knowledge is dependent on how it is presented and fed to the people and those intended to use the same. In this regard, researchers should endeavor to provide criminological knowledge that are well organized and understandable, avoiding vagueness and allow for not biased interpretations; 6. â€Å"Correct any misrepresentations and adopt the highest standards in all their professional relationships with institutions and colleagues whatever their status† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – misrepresentations, should, at all times be avoided to maintain the highest standard of criminological knowledge formed only by information provided by proper authorities and backed up with supporting evidence and justification; 7. â€Å"Respect their various responsibilities as outlined in the Code† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – in order for the researcher to be able to recognize and comprehend the various knowledge available, he should comply with all the rules and ethical standards being imposed by the Code; 8. â€Å"Keep up to date with ethical and methodological issues in the field, for example by reading research monographs and participating in training events† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – researchers should ensure the quality and integrity of the criminological knowledge by adhering to ethical principles that will attach credibility to the research process, the researchers and the outcomes; 9. â€Å"Check the reliability of their sources of information, in particular when using the internet† (British Society of Criminology, 2006). Responsibilities towards the Discipline of Criminology In addition to these general responsibilities, they also have responsibilities to others in the practice under the same field. He has the responsibility to promote advancement and effectiveness of information dissemination and to protect intellectual and professional freedom (British Society of Criminology, 2006). He can do this by acknowledging the various research processes and the authenticity and the integrity of knowledge. In addition, he also has the responsibility to promote conducive environment and relationship with other professionals and the environment because this will dictate the quality of knowledge and criminology as a whole. â€Å"More specifically, researchers should promote free and independent inquiry into criminological matters and unrestricted dissemination of criminological knowledge† (British Society of Criminology, 2006). Unrestricted dissemination of criminological knowledge is important in the determination of the quality and applicability of the knowledge in relation to various aspects of criminology. â€Å"Researchers should endeavor to ensure that the methodology employed and the research findings are open for discussion and peer review† (British Society of Criminology, 2006). This respects the functions of other professionals and allow for checks and balances and the review of the reliability of the information. In the process, it can improve the quality of the information because other minds can be consulted with their own views and research incorporated to the knowledge base. Development of British Criminology The development of British criminology has been discussed in a number of instances by various authors and scholars expert to their respective fields of criminology. For example, in his book, Tierney discussed the development of criminology in relation to the various cultural and societal influences that had shaped it. For example, he discussed how American criminology has affected and shaped the British criminology by providing a well-organized discussion of the various influences in the various stages of the development of British criminology. In Maguire, Morgan Reiner: The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, it is said that the history of criminology is perhaps too complex to be captured in a single text; however, despite its comprehensive and compendious relevance, collections of books and writings did a good job in outlining its development and its areas of descent and growth as it is discussed in the books, The Origins and Growth of Criminology by Piers Beirne and The History of Criminology by Paul Rock After which, a series of studies have been conducted headed by Michael Foucalt (1977) in his work Discipline and Punish wherein he analyzed and discussed the role of power knowledge in relation to the various disciplinary and governmental institutions. Meanwhile, in an other essay authored by Pasquale Pasquino entitled, The Invention of criminology: Birth of a Special Savior; and The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality by Burchell, Gordon and Miller, they discussed criminal delinquent as a new subject for scientific and administrative issue in the nineteenth-century Europe. They view the development of criminology as a necessary aspect of a society to address delinquencies. Criminology is important in the administration of justice and the treatment of delinquent behavior. In addition, in the work, Punishment and Welfare: A History of Penal Strategies (1985), it was discussed the developing criminological aspect anchored and revolving around the penal-welfare institutions in Britain as the twentieth century culminates. Other than these works, there are other meaningful accounts on the development of criminology in Britain like Radsinowicz’ memoir, Adventures in Criminology (1999) as well as Clarke and Cornish’s (1983), â€Å"Crime Control in Britain: A Review of Policy Research, which among others discussed the development of Home Office. Cohen on the other hand offers a sociological analysis of the post-war developments in relation to British Criminology; while Fitzgerald, McLeenan and Pawson (1981) discussed the intellectual tensions that affected the British criminology especially during the period of the 1960s and 1970s. In Sumner’s (1994), The Sociology of Deviance: An Obituary, he laid down an extended history of the sociology of deviance in critical analysis with the issue of criminology. The contemporary aspect of the development of British criminology are further discussed by Nelken (1994) and Holdaway and Rock (1998). According to Newburn and Vagg (1998), it was only ten years since the first British Criminology Conference and much has changed from that time. Initially, at about 1987, many criminological researches were carried out by a small number of researchers and their works are often the sole representative of criminological inquiry. This only means that with this system, criminological knowledge in solving crimes is limited. In addition, knowledge may not always be that comprehensive and reliable. It was then possible that mistakes may continue on to court decisions without verification. As a result, judicial inquiry may have outcomes that may be of poor legal basis. But now, criminology and criminologists proliferate (Newburn, Vagg, 1998). The development of criminology in Britain underwent an elusive transformation through the combined efforts of numerous criminologists and judicial authorities. It helped in the improvement of the criminal justice system and the aspect of criminology in the country especially with the fact that many criminologists can readily ignore writing that are more than fifteen years old, â€Å"with evident consequences for the public presentation and validation of expert knowledge† (Soothill, Peelo, 2007). However, it should be noted that as a discipline that constantly change, writings in support of judicial enquiry should also be updated. Writings that are more than fifteen years old may not be as credible as the contemporary views. In this regard, criminology and criminological research is very important so that this deficiency may be addressed. This is the reason why criminological knowledge is very important especially in the treatment of crimes. The quality of criminological knowledge determines the quality of criminologists and the quality of crime related policies in a society. â€Å"Criminology, like all social sciences, is both theoretically and evidence based that requires the comprehension of specific issues† (British Society of Criminology, 2005). In this regard, criminological knowledge ensures that it is presented with reliable and verified evidence to support its applicability and its relevance to specific issues. References British Society of Criminology. (2005). Criminology Benchmarks. Retrieved January 9, 2008, from www. c-sap. bham. ac. uk/subject_areas/criminology/Criminology_Benchmarks. doc British Society of Criminology (2006). Code of Ethics for Researchers in the Field of Criminology. Retrieved January 9, 2008, from http://www. britsoccrim. org/ethical. htm Burchell, G. , Gordon, C. , Miller, P (1991). The Foucalt Effect: Studies in Governmentality, London:Harvester Wheatsheaf. Clarke, R. V. G. , Cornish, D. (1983). Crime and Control in Britain: A Review of Policy Research. Albany: State University of New York. Cohen, S. (n. d. ). Footprints on the Sand: A Further report on Criminology and the Sociology of Deviance in Britain. Fitzgerald, M. , McLeenan, G. , Pawson, J. (1981). Crime and Society: Readings in History and Theory. London: Routledge. Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and Punish. London: Allen Lane. Holdaway, S. , Rock, P. (1998). Thinking About Criminology. London: UCL Press. Maguire, Morgan Reiner: The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (n. d. ). Retrieved January 9, 2008, from http://www. oup. com/uk/orc/bin/9780199249374/resources/reading/ch01/ Nelken, D. (1994). The Futures of Criminology. London: Sage. Newburn, T. , Vagg, J. (1995). The British Criminology Conferences: Selected Proceedings. Retrieved January 9, 2008, from http://www. britsoccrim. org/volume1/001. pdf Pasquino, P. (n. d. ). The Invention of Criminology: Birth of a Special Savior. Punishment and Welfare: A History of penal Strategies (1985). Aldershot: Gower. Radzinowicz. (1999). Adventures in Criminology. London: Routledge. Soothill, K. , 7 Peelo, M. (2007). Constructing British Criminology. Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 46 (5), 476-492. Sumner, C. (1994). The Sociology of Deviance: An Obituary. Buckingham: Open University Press. Tierney, J. (n. d. ). Criminology: Theory and Context. How to cite British Criminology, Papers

Various Spheres Society Especially Health â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Various Spheres Society Especially Health? Answer: Introducation Globalization is considered to be the root cause of all problems in the world including, the low wages, challenged democracy, and violation of various human rights. Recently, globalization is said to be the reason for more than 750, 000 premature deaths (Johnston 2017). In 2007, around 411,100 people died because of breathing in fine particles of air that had been polluted with particulate matter (PM2.5). Since economic activity has become an interconnection of human activities across the world, pressure is exerted on various spheres of society, especially health care. In Asia, air pollution has increasingly began to rival the air pollution levels that prevailed in Europe and America in the early 20th century. Air pollution is a major contributor to the global health burden due to reduced air quality. There are complains of poor air quality in Nepal, and especially in Kathmandu, but there is little attention on outdoor interventions to improve air quality compared to interventions directed at indoor air pollution. In Kathmandu, air pollution arises due to growing urbanization. How the Challenge Emerged As the world strives to gain economic prosperity, air pollution emerges as a health hazard due to various human activities aimed at ensuring economic development, transportation and motorization, urbanization, and energy consumption. Interconnection of human activity gas led to increased flow of capital, movement of people, and trading patterns that have led to what is regarded as the Great Acceleration. This acceleration has exerted lot of pressure on the environment resulting in the alteration of various components of the earths system, including the air, and the distortion of the Earths natural system to levels deemed unsafe for social and biological well-being (McMichael 2013). In view of the various activities, pollution in Nepal stems from vehicles and burning smoke from brush fires, brick kilns, and cooking stoves (McMichael 2013: p. 1336). The pollution from these sources has detrimental effects on the environment in addition to peoples health because after floating into the Himalayas to the north, the black carbon from the soot absorbs adequate quantities of solar energy that subsequently settles on glaciers and snow. How the issue of air quality is being addressed? The WHO developed air quality guidelines that act as an international reference for the adverse effects of air pollution on individuals health by providing risk estimates for exposure to the air pollutants. The guidelines were first published in 1987 and were referred to as the WHO Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, and they provide the recommended thresholds for air pollutants (Chen and Kan 2008). These guidelines help to inform countries about the effects of their efforts towards reducing air pollution on a global level. That is why based on the 2014 WHO guidelines, Nepal was ranked position 177 out of 178 as a call for assertive measures meant to improve its Environmental Performance Index. Action Required The kind of action required in Nepal is one that aims to reduce the emission of smoke from the various sources using cost-effective measures while keeping in mind that the citizens are struggling to meet their basic daily needs (Mar, Panday, and Rupakheti 2015). Interventions in Nepal There are already well laid out policies that are meant to ensure the air quality within the region is purified and acceptable. However, little has been done to implement these policies aimed at cleaning up the air in Nepal in reference to the recommended guidelines that indicate the stipulated thresholds for air pollution. The public is concerned about the air quality, and have taken up the matter into their own hands. These people engage in protests and there is a consistent flow of articles that urge the government to take the necessary action aimed at cleaning up the air. These protests and publications yielded positive outcomes because the police began to enforce the prevailing laws that aim to ensure that the air quality if upheld. One such law was to ensure that vehicles involved in public transportation and were more than 20 years old were to be removed from the road (Groves, 2017). In addition to the WHO guidelines on air quality, researchers in Nepal are trying to establish the levels of black carbon that are responsible for the glacier melt. This will help to determine the levels of smoke emitted in the environment that results in lethal effects of black carbon. Subsequently, policy makers and law enforcers will work collaboratively to formulate and reinforce just the recommended human activities. Boundaries to Cross Interventions to address air pollution have mainly crossed boundaries to affect families in view of indoor air pollution. Access to fuel-efficient stoves has been improved and families are forced to leave the traditional cooking stoves and use the contemporary improved stoves (Practical Action 2017). Shift of Values Individuals in Nepal will need to shift their values in an array of ways. First, the renewal of their automobiles because vehicles deemed worthless are presumed to emit most of the smoke arising from vehicles. Also, there has been a shift from using generators in the case of a power cut in the wake of disasters to the use of solar power and electric vehicles. Thereby, in the case of a power cut, solar street lights help to light up most cities within the country (Shrestha 2016). Role of Technology Technology has been utilized in Nepal in an array of ways to help improve its Environmental Performance Index. Technology has been involved in reducing air pollution through the evolution stoves from traditional ones to improved stoves that emit minimal smoke. This transition requires the use of a smoke hood that draws all the smoke (Environment ministry pledges to make Nepal indoor air pollution free by 2022 2017). Also, the use of solar power and electric vehicles use technology that aims at preventing the emission of smoke, which is the salient cause of air pollution in Nepal. Conclusion Globalization has brought about many changes in the natural setting of the earths system. In Nepal, the rising urbanization has led to increased economic activities that have brought about outdoor pollution. There is indoor pollution as well, which has been addressed using technology as a shift from using traditional stoves to modern stoves continues. There are efforts to enhance the already laid down policies through use of law enforcers, and this is meant to improve the countrys Environmental Performance Index. References Chen, B., and Kan, H. (2008) Air pollution and population health: a global challenge.Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 13 (2), 94101. Environment ministry pledges to make Nepal indoor air pollution free by 2022. (2017) TheHimalayan Times, March 20 [online]. available from https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/environment-ministry-pledges-make-nepal- indoor-air-pollution-free-2022/ [accessed 12 September 2017]. Groves, S. (2017) Nepals air pollution threatens humans and glaciers [online]. Retrieved fromhttps://www.pri.org/stories/2017-04-06/nepal-s-air-pollution-threatens-humans-and- glaciers [accessed 13 September 2017].. Johnston, I. (2017) Air pollution from globalization linked to premature deaths of more than 750,000 people a year. Independent, March 29 [online]. available from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/air-pollution-globalisation-deaths-750000-people-per-year-breathing-health-smog-fossil-a7656576.html [accessed 13 September 2017]. Mar, K., Panday, A., Rupakheti, M. (2015) A clear view for Kathmandu: Improving air quality in the Kathmandu Valley. Potsdam: Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies. McMichael, A. J. (2013) Globalization, climate change, and human health. The New England Journal of Medicine 368, 1335-1343. Practical Action. (2017) Reducing indoor air pollution in Nepal [online] available from https://practicalaction.org/smoke-hoods-stoves-nepal [accessed 13 September 2017]. Shrestha, K. D. (2016) Clearing the air in Kathmandu. International Institute for Environment and Development [online]. available from https://www.iied.org/clearing-air- kathmandu [accessed 12 September 2017]..